Sponge Structure; Introduction and Applications

Chitin and Chitosan: Structure, Properties and Applications

Chitin and chitosan are the most abundant natural amino polysaccharide that are non-toxic, biodegradable and biocompatible. They have become of great interest not only as an underutilized resource, but also as a new functional material of high potential in various fields. They are biopolymers having immense structural possibilities for chemical and mechanical modifications to generate novel pro...

Phycocyanin, cyanobacterial antioxidant: structure, function and applications

Phycobilins, open-chain tetrapyrrole pigment molecules, serve as accessory photosynthetic light-harvesting pigments in red algae and cyanobacteria. Phycobilin pigments are covalently linked with proteins and formed phycobiliproteins are organized into large macromolecular complexes called phycobilisomes on the top of the thylakoid membranes. In deep water, only green light is available, thus ph...

Session Introduction: Biogeometry: Applications of Computational Geometry to Molecular Structure

An introduction to structure and structure grammars

Structures represent relationships between parts in configurations. We define the concepts of structure and structure rewriting and show in several examples how these are applied to performing computations on designs and describing design languages. , Introduction A structure is a symbolic representation of discrete parts and their relationships in a configuration. Structures typically represen...

Duplexing the Sponge: Single-Pass Authenticated Encryption and Other Applications

This paper proposes a novel construction, calledduplex, closely related to the sponge construction, that acceptsmessage blocks to be hashed and—at no extra cost—provides digests on the input blocks received so far. It can be proven equivalent to a cascade of sponge functions and hence inherits its security against single-stage generic a acks. The main application proposed here is an authenticat...

the underlying structure of language proficiency and the proficiency level

هدف از انجام این تخقیق بررسی رابطه احتمالی بین سطح مهارت زبان خارجی (foreign language proficiency) و ساختار مهارت زبان خارجی بود. تعداد 314 زبان آموز مونث و مذکر که عمدتا دانشجویان رشته های زبان انگلیسی در سطوح کارشناسی و کارشناسی ارشد بودند در این تحقیق شرکت کردند. از لحاظ سطح مهارت زبان خارجی شرکت کنندگان بسیار با هم متفاوت بودند، (75 نفر سطح پیشرفته، 113 نفر سطح متوسط، 126 سطح مقدماتی). کلا ...